10. Analysis of the Enlightenment Factors

1. Analysis According to the Discourses

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, truth investigation-enlightenment-factor, energy-enlightenment-factor, zest-enlightenment-factor, calmness-enlightenment-factor, concentration-enlightenment-factor, equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? Herein a bhikkhu is mindful, furnished with excellent mindfulness-penetration, he remembers, remembers constantly, what has long been done and long been said (concerning release). This is called mindfulness-enlightenment-factor. (1)

He, dwelling mindful in the above manner, searches, investigates and reasons out thoroughly that same thing with wisdom. This is called truth investigation-enlightenment-factor. (2)

The energy of his searching, investigating and reasoning out thoroughly that same thing with wisdom, is strenuous, unshrinking. This is called energy-enlightenment-factor. (3)

For him of strenuous energy there arises zest that is not worldly. This is called zest-enlightenment-factor. (4)

For him of zestful mind the body (of mental aggregates) becomes calm, also consciousness becomes calm. This is called calmness-enlightenment-factor. (5)

For him of calm body (of mental aggregates) and mental pleasure, consciousness is concentrated. This is called concentration-enlightenment-factor. (6)

He, having consciousness concentrated in the above manner, is well balanced. This is called equanimity-enlightenment-factor. (7)

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, truth investigation-enlightenment-factor, | energy-enlightenment-factor, zest-enlightenment-factor, calmness-enlightenment-factor, concentration-enlightenment-factor, equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? There is mindfulness on internal states; there is mindfulness on external states. That which is mindfulness on internal states; that mindfulness-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is mindfulness on external states; that mindfulness-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (1)

Therein what is truth investigation-enlightenment-factor? There is investigation of internal states; there is investigation of external states. That which is investigation of internal states; that truth investigation-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is investigation of external states; that truth investigation-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (2)

Therein what is energy-enlightenment-factor? There is bodily energy; there is mental energy. That which is bodily energy; that energy-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is mental energy; that energy-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (3)

Therein what is zest-enlightenment-factor? There is zest accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; there is zest without initial application, without sustained application. That which is zest accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; that zest-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is zest without initial application, without sustained application; that zest-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (4)

Therein what is calmness-enlightenment-factor? There is calmness of the body (of mental aggregates); there is calmness of consciousness. That which is calmness of body, that calmness-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is calmness of conscious| ness; that calmness-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (5)

Therein what is concentration-enlightenment-factor? There is concentration accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; there is concentration without initial application, without sustained application. That which is concentration accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; that concentration-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is concentration without initial application, without sustained application; that concentration-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (6)

Therein what is equanimity-enlightenment-factor? There is equanimity of internal states; there is equanimity of external states. That which is equanimity of internal states; that equanimity enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. That which is equanimity of external states; that equanimity-enlightenment-factor is for full knowledge, for enlightenment, for full emancipation also. (7)

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, truth investigation-enlightenment-factor, energy-enlightenment-factor, zest-enlightenment-factor, calmness-enlightenment-factor, concentration-enlightenment-factor, equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? Herein a bhikkhu develops mindfulness-enlightenment-factor dependent on detachment, dependent on absence of lust, dependent on cessation, culminating in abandonment. Develops truth investigation-enlightenment-factor. Develops energy-enlightenment-factor. Develops zest-enlightenment-factor. Develops calmness-enlightenment-factor. Develops concentration-enlightenment-factor.* Develops equanimity-enlightenment-factor dependent on detachment, dependent on absence of lust, dependent on cessation, culminating in abandonment.

* Complete as final example.

(Here Ends) Analysis According to the Discourses

2. Analysis According to Abhidhamma

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, truth investigation-enlightenment-factor, energy-enlightenment-factor, zest-enlightenment-factor, calmness-enlightenment-factor, concentration-enlightenment-factor, equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

Therein what are the seven enlightenment factors? Herein at the time when a bhikkhu develops supramundane jhāna tending to release, dispersive of continuing rebirth and death; he, for the abandoning of wrong view, for the entering of the first stage, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in the first jhāna that is hard practice and knowledge slowly acquired; at that time there are seven enlightenment factors (viz.,) mindfulness-enlightenment-factor,² equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* See paragraph 205.
*² Intermediate enlightenment factors.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? That which is mindfulness, constant mindfulness,* right mindfulness, mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called mindfulness-enlightenment-factor. (1)

* See paragraph 220.

Therein what is truth investigation-enlightenment-factor? That which is wisdom, understanding,* absence of dullness, truth investigation, right view, truth investigation-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called truth investigation-enlightenment-factor. (2)

* See paragraph 525.

Therein what is energy-enlightenment-factor? That which is the arousing of mental energy,* right effort, energy-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called energy-enlightenment-factor. (3)

* See paragraph 220.

Therein what is zest-enlightenment-factor? That which is zest, gladness, rejoicing, rapture, mirth, merriment, felicity, | elation, delight of consciousness, zest-enlightenment-factor. This is called zest-enlightenment-factor. (4)

Therein what is calmness-enlightenment-factor? That which of the aggregate of feeling, of the aggregate of perception, of the aggregate of mental concomitants, of the aggregate of consciousness is calmness, serenity, being calm, being serene, state of being serene, calmness-enlightenment-factor. This is called calmness-enlightenment-factor. (5)

Therein what is concentration-enlightenment-factor? That which is stability of consciousness,* right concentration, concentration-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called concentration-enlightenment-factor. (6)

* See paragraph 220.

Therein what is equanimity-enlightenment-factor? That which is equanimity, having equanimity, supreme equanimity, state of balance of consciousness, equanimity-enlightenment-factor. This is called equanimity-enlightenment-factor. These are called the seven enlightenment factors. (As also are) The remaining states associated with the seven enlightenment factors. (7)

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor,* equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* Intermediate enlightenment factors.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? Herein at the time when a bhikkhu develops supramundane jhāna tending to release, dispersive of continuing rebirth and death; he, for the abandoning of wrong view, for the entering of the first stage, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in the first jhāna that is hard practice and knowledge slowly acquired; that which at that time is mindfulness, constant mindfulness,² right mindfulness, mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called mindfulness-enlightenment-factor. (As also are) The remaining states associated with mindfulness-enlightenment-factor.³ (As also are) The remaining states associated with truth investigation-enlightenment-factor.³ (As also are) The remaining states associated with energy-enlightenment-factor.³ (As also | are) The remaining states associated with zest-enlightenment-factor.³ (As also are) The remaining states associated with calmness-enlightenment-factor.*³ (As also are) The remaining states associated with concentration-enlightenment-factor.

* See paragraph 205.
*² See paragraph 220.
*³ Complete each as first example, but with appropriate modifications as paragraph 474.

Therein what is equanimity-enlightenment-factor? Herein at the time when a bhikkhu develops supramundane jhāna tending to release, dispersive of continuing rebirth and death; he, for the abandoning of wrong view, for the entering of the first stage, aloof from sense pleasures,* attains and dwells in the first jhāna that is hard practice and knowledge slowly acquired; that which at that time is equanimity, having equanimity, supreme equanimity, state of balance of consciousness, equanimity-enlightenment-factor. This is called equanimity-enlightenment-factor. (As also are) The remaining states associated with equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* See paragraph 205.

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor,* equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* Intermediate enlightenment factors.

Therein what are the seven enlightenment factors? Herein at the time when a bhikkhu develops supramundane jhāna tending to release, dispersive of continuing rebirth and death; he, for the abandoning of wrong view, for the entering of the first stage, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in the first jhāna that is hard practice and knowledge slowly acquired; that which at that time is contact,² is non-wavering. These states are good. Having done, having developed that same good supramundane jhāna, he, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in resultant first jhāna that is hard practice, knowledge slowly acquired and is empty; at that time there are the seven enlightenment factors (viz.,) mindfulness-enlightenment-factor,³ equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* See paragraph 205.
*² See Dhammasaṅgaṇī paragraph 277.

*³ Intermediate enlightenment factors.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? That which is mindfulness, constant mindfulness, right mindfulness, mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called mindfulness-enlightenment-factor.²

* See paragraph 220.
*² Five subsequent enlightenment factors, see paragraph 474.

Therein what is equanimity-enlightenment-factor? That which is equanimity, having equanimity, supreme equanimity, state of balance of consciousness, equanimity-enlightenment-factor. This is called equanimity-enlightenment-factor. These are called the seven enlightenment factors. (As also are) The remaining states associated with the seven enlightenment factors.

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor,* equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* Intermediate enlightenment factors.

Therein what is mindfulness-enlightenment-factor? Herein at the time when a bhikkhu develops supramundane jhāna tending to release, dispersive of continuing rebirth and death; he, for the abandoning of wrong view, for the entering of the first stage, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in the first jhāna that is hard practice and knowledge slowly acquired; at that time there is contact,² there is non-wavering. These states are good. Having done, having developed that same good supramundane jhāna, he, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in resultant first jhāna that is hard practice, knowledge slowly acquired and is empty; that which at that time is mindfulness, constant mindfulness,³ right mindfulness, mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, path constituent, included in the path. This is called mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, (As also are) The remaining states associated with mindfulness-enlightenment-factor.⁴ (As also are) The remaining states associated with truth investigation-enlightenment-factor.⁴ (As also are) The remaining states associated with energy-enlightenment-factor.⁴ (As also are) The remaining states associated with zest-enlightenment-factor.⁴ (As also | are) The remaining states associated with calmness-enlightenment-factor.*⁴ (As also are) The remaining states associated with concentration-enlightenment-factor.

* See paragraph 205.
*² See Dhammasaṅgaṇī paragraph 277.

*³ See paragraph 220.
*⁴ Complete each as first example but with appropriate modifications as paragraph 474.

Therein what is equanimity-enlightenment-factor? Herein at the time when a bhikkhu develops supramundane jhāna tending to release, dispersive of continuing rebirth and death; he, for the abandoning of wrong view, for the entering of the first stage, aloof from sense pleasures, attains and dwells in the first jhāna that is hard practice and knowledge slowly acquired; at that time there is contact,² there is non-wavering. These states are good. Having done, having developed that same good supramundane jhāna, he, aloof from sense pleasures,* attains and dwells in resultant first jhāna that is hard practice, knowledge slowly acquired and is empty; that which at that time is equanimity, having equanimity, supreme equanimity, state of balance of consciousness, equanimity-enlightenment-factor. This is called equanimity-enlightenment-factor. (As also are) The remaining states associated with equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

* See paragraph 205.
*² See Dhammasaṅgaṇī paragraph 277.

(Here Ends) Analysis According to Abhidhamma

3. Interrogation

The seven enlightenment factors are: Mindfulness-enlightenment-factor, truth investigation-enlightenment-factor, energy-enlightenment-factor, zest-enlightenment-factor, calmness-enlightenment-factor, concentration-enlightenment-factor, equanimity-enlightenment-factor.

Of the seven enlightenment factors how many are good; how many bad; how many neither-good-nor-bad.* How | many with cause of bewailing; how many without cause of bewailing?

* Remaining appropriate triplets and couplets.

1. The Triplets

(The seven enlightenment factors) Sometimes are good; sometimes are neither-good-nor-bad. Zest-enlightenment-factor is associated with pleasant feeling. Six enlightenment factors sometimes are associated with pleasant feeling; sometimes are associated with neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling. (The seven enlightenment factors) Sometimes are resultants; sometimes are productive of resultants. Are not grasped (by craving and false view), are not objects of the attachments. Are not corrupt, are not objects of the corruptions. Sometimes are accompanied by initial application, accompanied by sustained application; sometimes are without initial application, sustained application only; sometimes are without initial application, without sustained application. Zest-enlightenment-factor is not accompanied by zest; is accompanied by pleasure; is not accompanied by indifference. Six enlightenment factors sometimes are accompanied by zest; sometimes are accompanied by pleasure; sometimes are accompanied by indifference. (The seven enlightenment factors) Are not to be abandoned either by the first path or by the subsequent paths; have no roots to be abandoned either by the first path or by the subsequent paths. Sometimes are dispersive (of continuing rebirth and death); sometimes are neither cumulative nor dispersive. Sometimes are of the seven supramundane stages; sometimes are of the final supramundane stage. Are immeasurable. Have immeasurable object. Are superior. Sometimes are right (states with) fixed (resultant time); sometimes are of no fixed (resultant time). Do not have path as their object; sometimes have path as their cause; sometimes have path as their dominating factor; sometimes should not be said to have, path as their cause or path as their dominating factor. Sometimes are risen; sometimes are not risen; sometimes are bound to arise. Sometimes are past; sometimes are future; sometimes are present. Should not be said to have either, past objects; future objects or present objects. Sometimes are internal; sometimes are external; sometimes are | both internal and external. Have external objects. Are not visible, are not impingent.

2. The Couplets

Truth investigation-enlightenment-factor is root. Six enlightenment factors are associated with roots. Truth investigation-enlightenment-factor is root also accompanied by root; six enlightenment factors should not be said to be, roots also accompanied by roots; (they) are accompanied by roots but are not roots. Truth investigation-enlightenment-factor is root also associated with root. Six enlightenment factors should not be said to be, roots also associated with roots; (they) are associated with roots but are not roots. Six enlightenment factors are not roots, are accompanied by roots. Truth investigation-enlightenment-factor should not be said to be, not root, is accompanied by root or not root, is not accompanied by root. (The seven enlightenment factors) Are with cause. Are conditioned. Are not visible. Are not impingent. Are not material. Are supramundane. Are cognizable by one way; are not cognizable by another way. Are not defilements. Are not objects of the defilements. Are not associated with the defilements. Should not be said to be, defilements also objects of the defilements or objects of the defilements but are not defilements. Should not be said to be, defilements also associated with the defilements or associated with the defilements but are not defilements. Are not associated with the defilements, are not objects of the defilements. Are not fetters. Are not ties. Are not floods. Are not bonds. Are not hindrances. Are not perversions. Have objects. Are not consciousness. Are mental concomitants. Are associated with consciousness. Are conjoined with consciousness. Are generated by consciousness. Are co-existent with consciousness. Accompany consciousness. Are conjoined with, generated by consciousness. Are conjoined with, generated by, co-existent with consciousness. Are conjoined with, generated by, accompany consciousness. Are external. Are not derived. Are not grasped. Are not attachments. Are not corruptions. Are not to be abandoned by the first path. Are not to be abandoned by the subsequent paths. Have no roots to be abandoned by the first path. Have no roots to be abandoned by the subsequent paths. Sometimes are accompanied | by initial application; sometimes are without initial application. Sometimes are accompanied by sustained application; sometimes are without sustained application.

* Complete as for defilements in this paragraph.

Zest-enlightenment-factor is without zest. Six enlightenment factors sometimes are with zest; sometimes are without zest. Zest-enlightenment-factor is not accompanied by zest. Six enlightenment factors sometimes are accompanied by zest; sometimes are not accompanied by zest. Zest-enlightenment-factor is accompanied by pleasure. Six enlightenment factors sometimes are accompanied by pleasure; sometimes are not accompanied by pleasure. Zest-enlightenment-factor is not accompanied by indifference. Six enlightenment factors sometimes are accompanied by indifference; sometimes are not accompanied by indifference. (The seven enlightenment factors) Are not characteristic of the plane of desire. Are not characteristic of the plane of form. Are not characteristic of the formless plane. Are not included (i.e. are supramundane). Sometimes tend to release; sometimes do not tend to release. Sometimes are of fixed (resultant time); sometimes are of no fixed (resultant time). Are not surpassable. Are without cause of bewailing.

(Here Ends) Interrogation